李某某诉王某某离婚后财产纠纷案
李某某诉王某某离婚后财产纠纷案
关键词 离婚协议 共同共有房产 未成年子女 撤销赠与
参阅要点
夫妻双方离婚时协议约定将夫妻共同共有的房产赠与未成年子女，离婚后一方在赠与房产产权变更登记之前反悔，主张依据《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百八十六条第一款的规定撤销赠与的，法院不予支持。
相关法条
1.《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百八十六条第一款
2.《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释（二）》第八条、第九条
3.《中华人民共和国物权法》第九十七条
当事人
原告（上诉人）：李某某
被告（被上诉人）：王某某
基本案情
原告李某某与被告王某某于2001年11月11日登记结婚，婚后于2003年9月生育一子王某。因感情不和，双方于2009年9月2日在法院调解离婚。双方离婚时对于共同共有的位于北京市崇文区× ×路× ×号院× ×小区× ×号楼× ×单元59号房屋（以下简称59号房屋）并未予以分割，而是通过协议约定该房屋所有权在王某某付清贷款后归双方之子王某所有。2013年1月，李某某起诉至北京市东城区人民法院称：59号房屋贷款尚未还清，房屋产权亦未变更至王某名下，即还未实际赠与给王某，目前还处于李某某、王某某共有财产状态，故不计划再将该房屋属于自己的部分赠给王某，主张撤销之前的赠与行为，由法院依法分割59号房屋。
被告王某某则认为，离婚时双方已经将房屋协议赠与王某，正是因为李某某同意将房屋赠与王某，自己才同意离婚协议中其他加重其义务的条款，如在离婚后单独偿还夫妻共同债务4. 5万元。王某某认为，离婚已经对孩子造成巨大伤害，出于对未成年人的考虑，不应该支持李某某的诉讼请求。
审理结果
北京市东城区人民法院于2013年4月24日作（2013）东民初字第02551号民事判决：驳回原告李某某的诉讼请求。宣判后，李某某向北京市第二中级人民法院提起诉，北京市第二中级人民法院于2013年7月11日作出（2013）二中民终字第09734号判决：驳回上诉，维持原判。
裁判理由
法院生效裁判认为：原、被告在婚姻关系存续期间均知悉59号房屋系夫妻共同财产，对于诉争房屋的处理，李某某与王某某早已达成约定，且该约定系双方在离婚时达成，即双方约定将59号房屋赠与其子是建立在双方夫妻身份关系解除的基础之上。在李某某与王某某离婚后，李某某不同意履行对诉争房屋的处理约定，并要求分割诉争房屋，其诉讼请求法律依据不足，亦有违诚信。故对李某某的诉讼请求，法院不予支持。
解说
本案中双方争议的焦点是在离婚协议中约定将夫妻共同共有的房产赠与未成年子女，离婚后一方在赠与房产变更登记之前是否有权予以撤销。目前，审判实践中对此主要有两种观点。第一种观点认为，离婚协议中夫妻将其共同财产赠与未成年子女的行为，系夫妻双方对共同财产的处分，应适用合同法中赠与合同的规定。根据《中华人民共和国合同法》（以下简称《合同法》）第一百八十六条第一款之规定，“赠与人在赠与财产的权利转移之前可以撤销赠与”，因而夫妻双方在财产权利转移之前均可以主张任意撤销权。第二种观点认为，离婚协议是夫妻双方对于婚姻关系的解除、子女的抚养、共同财产的分割以及离婚损害赔偿等问题达成的具有人身和财产双重性质的合意，不能简单适用《合同法》第一百八十六条第一款的规定行使任意撤销权。法院裁判采纳了第二种观点，理由如下：
首先，在离婚协议中双方将共同财产赠与未成年子女的约定与解除婚姻关系、子女抚养、共同财产分割、共同债务清偿、离婚损害赔偿等内容构成了一个整体。通常情况下，当事人是在综合考虑上述因素基础上，对于人身问题和财产问题制定一个概括的“一揽子”的解决方案。在处理财产时，往往经过不断地博弈和协商，通过某一个处分行为来解决多项财产分割问题。所以双方约定将共同财产赠与未成年子女是一个概括的合意，该合意中任何一项财产的处分都与其他财产的处分互为前提、互为结果。如果允许一方反悔，那么男女双方离婚协议的“整体性”将被破坏。同时，离婚协议各个条款的订立都是为了解除婚姻关系这一目的，具有目的上的统一性。在婚姻关系已经解除且不可逆的情况下如果允许当事人对于财产部分反悔将助长先离婚再恶意占有财产之有违诚实信用的行为，诱发道德风险。
其次，原、被告双方处分夫妻共同财产的行为可以适用物权法的规定。根据《中华人民共和国物权法》第九十七条规定：“处分共有的不动产或者动产以及对共有的不动产或者动产作重大修缮的，应当经占份额三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全体共同共有人同意，但共有人之间另有约定的除外。”在本案中，诉争房屋是原、被告双方婚姻关系存续期间购买，系二人的夫妻共同财产，由二人共同共有，原、被告二人均不单独享有对诉争房屋处分的权利，处分该房屋需双方意思表示一致。原、被告双方在离婚时已经对共同财产的处分形成合意，共同表示将房屋赠与未成年子女，该意思表示真实有效，理应对双方产生拘束力。因赠与行为系原、被告双方共同作出，故在离婚后一方欲根据《合同法》第一百八十六条第一款之规定单方撤销赠与时亦应取得双方合意，在未征得作为共同共有人的另一方同意的情况下，无权单方撤销赠与。
综上，法院的判决是正确的。
基本
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流程
错误
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调试
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