高某诉罗某离婚纠纷案
高某诉罗某离婚纠纷案
关键词 离婚 一套共有住房 分割 按份共有
参阅要点
离婚诉讼的当事人只有一套共有住房，双方均主张房屋所有权但均无能力补偿对方时，如双方就房屋分割问题无法达成一致，法院应当判决双方对房屋按份共有，并在此基础上结合当事人生活需要、房屋结构等因素就房屋使用问题作出处理。
相关法条
《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第十七条第一款、第三十九条第一款
当事人
原告（上诉人）：高某
被告（被上诉人）：罗某
基本案情
高某与罗某于1987年经人介绍相识，同年12月登记结婚，于1992年8月生育一子罗某某。2010年、2011年，高某曾两次诉至法院要求离婚，北京市海淀区人民法院均判决驳回了高某的诉讼请求。2012年5月，高某再次诉至北京市海淀区人民法院要求离婚。
经查，2000年，高某与北京× ×实业总公司就购买位于北京市海淀区× ×小区× ×号楼× ×门1201号二居室房屋（以下简称1201号房屋）签订了《北京× ×实业总公司公有住房买卖合同书》。2001年2月14日，高某取得该房屋的所有权证。1201号房屋的结构为：北侧有小卧室一间，南侧有大卧室一间（有阳台），另有厨房、客厅及卫生间各一间。另查明，高某与罗某除1201号房屋外均无其他住房。高某自2010年7月搬离1201号房屋，在外租房居住，双方分居至今。庭审中，高某与罗某均主张房屋所有权但均表示无能力折价补偿对方。
审理结果
北京市海淀区人民法院于2012年8月8日作出（2012）海民初字14206号民事判决：一、准许原告高某与被告罗某离婚；二、现在高某名下、位于北京市海淀区× ×小区× ×号楼× ×门1201号房屋由原告高某与被告罗某共同所有，各享有百分之五十的份额。其中，南侧大间卧室、阳台由被告罗某居住使用，北侧小间卧室由原告高某居住使用，厨房、客厅、卫生间由双方共同使用；被告罗某需于本判决生效后六个月内将该房屋北侧小间卧室整理并交付原告高某居住使用；三、四、五、六、七项（略）。宣判后，原告高某向北京市第一中级人民法院提出上诉，北京市第一中级人民法院于2012年11月15日作出（2012）一中民终字第12203号民事判决：驳回上诉，维持原判。
裁判理由
法院生效裁判认为：高某与罗某虽系自由恋爱、自主结婚，但在共同生活中，未能妥善处理家庭纠纷，影响了夫妻感情，直至双方分居。现罗某虽表示不同意离婚，并多次表示愿与高某加强沟通，但无事实表明双方感情尚有回转余地，且高某客观上已多次提出离婚诉讼，故综合本案案情，法院认定双方感情确已破裂，并对高某要求与罗某离婚的诉讼请求予以支持。
因1201号房屋系高某与罗某的夫妻共同财产，故高某主张其与罗某各享有50％的份额的主张并无不当。鉴于高某与罗某除1201号房屋外均无其他房产，且均无能力向对方支付折价补偿，故为保障双方的基本居住权利，在判令1201号房屋归高某、罗某按份共有的前提下，法院考虑罗某某需与罗某共同居住的事实，判令南侧大间卧室、阳台归罗某居住使用，北侧小间卧室归高某居住使用，厨房、客厅、卫生间由双方共同使用。因目前罗某在北侧小间卧室内存放大量物品，导致高某无法立即居住使用，故其应在合理期限内予以整理并交付高某居住使用。具体期间，法院将综合考虑罗某身体状况不佳之情况及高某已然长期在外租住房屋、客观上存在支付租金的经济压力等相关因素，予以酌情判定。另，为避免双方在共同居住使用1201号房屋期间发生矛盾，法院敦促双方应在不妨碍对方居住使用相应居室的同时，在合理限度内、以合理方式使用厨房、客厅及卫生间等共用空间。
解说
《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第三十九条第一款对离婚时夫妻共同财产的处理做出了原则性规定，即“离婚时，夫妻的共同财产由双方协议处理；协议不成时，由人民法院根据财产的具体情况，照顾子女和女方权益的原则判决”。
在离婚诉讼案件中，离婚时夫妻只有一套共有住房，双方均无能力补偿对方时，实践中主要有两种处理方式：
第一种处理方式是判令双方共同共有唯一共有住房。根据《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第十七条、第十八条、第十九条的规定，除非夫妻双方明确约定外，夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产归夫妻共同所有。换言之，夫妻财产的共同共有状态是以夫妻关系存续为前提的。因此，对于判决离婚的案件，如果仅因为双方争议较大就判令双方共同共有唯一共有住房，则会存在共同共有缺乏夫妻关系存续的前提条件从而缺乏正当性基础的问题。而且，该种处理方式并未对离婚时双方的财产争议做出处理，违背了《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第三十九条第一款关于夫妻离婚时财产争议由法院判决处理的规定。
第二种处理方式是判决双方按份共有唯一共有住房。在双方协商一致的前提下可共同委托出租以分享租金或共同委托出售以分享房款，或是由一方居住使用，给予另一方一定的租金补偿。在双方无法协商一致的情况下，法院可在判决双方按份共有唯一共有住房的同时，结合当事人生活需要、房屋结构等因素明确双方实际居住使用方式。该种处理方式既对争议房屋做出分割处理，避免了婚姻身份关系解除后判决继续共同共有缺乏基础的问题，同时又对离婚后如何公平合理的使用房屋作了安排，保证了双方居住权利的实现。
综上，在判决离婚的案件中，对于夫妻只有一套共有住房且双方均无能力补偿对方的情形，应当采用第二种处理方式。
基本
文件
流程
错误
SQL
调试
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