夏英与包伯民、陈正华监护权纠纷案
夏英与包伯民、陈正华监护权纠纷案
问题提示：夫妻一方因没有条件履行日常的监护职责而委托他人行使监护权，从而与夫妻另一方固有的监护权产生冲突时，监护权是否应当由夫妻另一方行使？
【要点提示】
监护权是基于特定的身份关系而产生的权利，为未成年子女的父母所固有。夫妻一方因没有条件履行日常的监护职责而委托他人行使监护权，从而与夫妻另一方固有的监护权产生冲突时，监护权应当由夫妻另一方行使。
【案例索引】
一审：宜兴市人民法院（2006）宜少民一初字第44号（2006年9月6日）
二审：无锡市中级人民法院（2006）锡民一终字第0859号（2007年1月4日）
【案情】
原告：夏英（女）。
被告：包伯民（男）。
被告：陈正华（女）。
宜兴市人民法院经审理查明：原告夏英与被告包伯民、陈正华之子包岩峰于2003年12月18日登记结婚，于2005年2月2日生女儿包涵。女儿满月后夏英即带孩子回娘家生活。2005年5月底，包涵到两被告处生活，夏英仍在娘家居住。2005年8月8日，夏英向宜兴市人民法院起诉要求与包岩峰离婚，宜兴市人民法院于2005年12月12日判决双方不准离婚。2006年6月23日，夏英再次诉至宜兴市人民法院，要求与包岩峰离婚。2006年7月5日宜兴市人民法院再次判决双方不准离婚，在夏英与包岩峰闹离婚期间，两被告在包岩峰的委托下监护包涵。2006年7月14日下午，夏英至两被告家中，要带走女儿包涵，遭到了包伯民、陈正华的拒绝。为此，夏英于2006年7月21日诉至法院。
原告夏英诉称，2003年12月28日，其与两被告之子包岩峰结婚，并单独生活。2005年2月2日生一女儿包涵，孩子满月后即回娘家居住。2005年5月，两被告将包涵出生证骗走，又将婴儿车、床拿走。同年6月初，被告以带孙女为由，将原告女儿骗走，事后，原告多次前去接女儿，都被被告阻止，并受到无端谩骂。为此诉讼与包岩峰离婚，法院判决不准离婚后，原告再次要接女儿，还是被拒绝，为此要求法院判令包涵由原告监护，并由被告归还女儿的出生证、婴儿车、床等物。
被告包伯民、陈正华辩称，目前包岩峰与原告夏英尚未离婚，两人均是包涵的监护人。自两人闹离婚以来，夏英一直未履行监护职责，作为包涵的祖父母只能在包岩峰服役期间，受其委托照顾包涵，因此夏英与其之间不存在监护权纠纷，故请求法院驳回原告夏英的诉讼请求。
【审判】
宜兴市人民法院认为：未成年人的父母是未成年人的监护人。本案中，原告夏英与两被告之子包岩峰均是包涵的监护人。现夏英与包岩峰尚未离婚，对包涵均有监护的职责。包岩峰委托其父母监护包涵并不违反法律规定，两被告基于包岩峰的委托而实施对包涵的监护不构成对原告监护权的侵犯，故夏英要求排除父方行使监护权而由其单方行使监护权的请求，本院不予支持，基于同样理由夏英要求归还婴儿出生证及孩子日常用品的主张，也不予支持。根据《中华人民共和国民法通则》第十六条第一款的规定，于2006年9月6日作出判决：
驳回原告夏英的诉讼请求。
本案受理费50元，其他诉讼费用230元，共计人民币280元，由原告夏英承担。
一审宣判后，夏英不服，向无锡市中级人民法院提起上诉称：丈夫在部队服役，故女儿包涵的监护权由其来实施。请求二审法院撤销原判，改判支持其一审的诉讼请求。
包伯民、陈正华则要求驳回上诉，维持原判。
无锡市中级人民法院经审理认为：未成年人的父母是未成年人的监护人，因而包岩峰、夏英均是包涵的监护人。因包岩峰现在部队服役，难以实际履行监护之责，而夏英具有监护能力，故包涵理应由夏英直接监护。虽然包伯民、陈正华受包岩峰委托照顾包涵，但不能因此排除夏英作为母亲对女儿监护的权利，当祖父母受托对孙子女行使监护权与母亲固有的监护权产生冲突时，母亲对子女的监护权优先，监护权应由夏英行使。原审法院认定事实清楚，但适用法律有误，应予纠正。据此，依照《中华人民共和国民法通则》第十六条第一款，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百五十三条第一款第（二）项的规定，于2007年1月4日作出判决：
一、撤销宜兴市人民法院（2006）宜少民一初字第0044号民事判决；
二、包涵由夏英监护，包涵的出生证、日常用品由夏英负责保管。
一审案件受理费50元、其他诉讼费230元，二审案件受理费50元，合计330元，均由包伯民、陈正华负担。
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